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Wellness and Psychotherapy Overview

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Scientific:
Good Scientific Evidence 8
 
Users:
 n/a
  
 

Summary:
Psychotherapy is an interactive process between a person and a qualified mental health professional. The patient will explore thoughts, feelings and behavior to help with problem solving. The father of modern psychotherapy was Sigmund Freud, a doctor who treated of disorders of the nervous system in the 1880s. Noting that some of his patients did not seem to have a physical cause for their symptoms, Freud became interested with the relationship between the mind and physical symptoms. In 1886, he opened an office for the practice of what he named "psychoanalysis."

Scientific Evidence:
Uses
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Grade*
Adjustment disorder (mixed emotions in reaction to major life events or changes) B
Aggressive behavior (adults) B
Aggressive behavior (children) B
Anorexia nervosa (eating disorder) B
Asthma (children) B
Attachment disorder B
Bulimia (binge eating) B
Cancer (quality of life) B
Conversion disorder (motor type) B
Depression (before and after giving birth) B
Depression (children) B
Depression (elderly) B
Depression (major) B
Depression (mild to moderate) B
Depression (dysthymia) (prolonged despondency) B
Generalized anxiety disorder B
Marital distress B
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) B
Panic disorder B
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) B
Rheumatoid arthritis B
Schizophrenia B
Sex abuse (adult survivors) B
Sex abuse (child survivors) B
Suicide prevention B
Weight loss B
Well-being (elderly) B
Alcohol abuse C
Alexithymia and coronary heart disease C
Anxiety (children) C
Atopic dermatitis (red, itchy, dry skin) C
Bedwetting (children) C
Bipolar disorder (manic depression) C
Brain injury C
Borderline personality disorder (unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image) C
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) C
Cognitive enhancement (language proficiency in children) C
Crohn's disease (digestive tract disease) C
Depression (multiple sclerosis) C
Depression (substance abuse) C
Diabetes mellitus type 1 C
Diabetes mellitus type 2 C
Drug abuse C
Duodenal ulcer (ulcer in the small intestine) C
Dyspepsia (Indigestion) C
Emphysema (lung disease) C
Erectile dysfunction C
Grief C
HIV (depression) C
HIV (minor neuropathic pain) C
Infertility C
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) C
Kidney transplant C
Lupus (chronic disease of the immune system) C
Multiple sclerosis C
Non-ulcer dyspepsia (upset stomach) C
Pain C
Personality development (disorders) C
Phobias C
Psychosis C
Psychosomatic conditions (of the mind) C
Smoking cessation (quitting) C
Stroke (depression) C
Tourette's syndrome C
Urinary disorders C
Alzheimer's disease D
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (children) D
Depression (psychotic) D
*Key to grades: A: Strong scientific evidence for this use; B: Good scientific evidence for this use; C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use; D: Fair scientific evidence against this use (it may not work); F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likely does not work).

Technique:
There are four major approaches to psychotherapy: psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic (focuses on issues taken from the experience of existence), and transpersonal (focuses on the spiritual dimensions of life). These four main approaches are blended in many different varieties of psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy is conducted in private individual, couple, group or family sessions. Sessions range from 50 minutes for individuals to 90 or 120 minutes for groups. An hour of therapy may range from $5 or $10 an hour at a community or non-profit mental health center to over $200 an hour for a doctoral-level practitioner in private practice.
People who have received professional training in psychotherapy include psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, marriage and family counselors and some pastoral counselors. Psychotherapists may specialize in working age groups or conditions (like mental illness, coping with medical illness, marital and family relations, domestic violence or abuse, educational functioning or substance abuse).

Safety:
Psychotherapy cannot always fix mental or emotional conditions. Psychiatric drugs are sometimes needed. In some cases symptoms may get worse if the proper medication is not taken. Not all therapists are qualified to work with all problems. Use cautiously with serious mental illness or some medical conditions because some forms of psychotherapy may stir up strong emotional feelings and expression. Psychotherapy may help with post-partum depression, but is not a substitute for medication that may be needed in severe cases.
Reported side effects: Some forms of medication for health conditions have psychological or emotional side effects, like anxiety, depression, impaired mental performance or impaired sleep. Like drugs, some herbs may also have psychological or emotional side effects.
 Natural Standard Monograph (www.naturalstandard.com)
Copyright © 2007 Natural Standard Inc. Commercial distribution or reproduction prohibited.

The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.

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