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Comfrey
: In vitro (test tube) studies have found that comfrey may have anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical trials have found that comfrey-containing creams significantly reduce inflammation and pain associated with sprains and muscle injuries when applied to the skin. Overall, these studies have been well designed, although some improvements in reporting are needed.Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to comfrey, its constituents, or members of the Boraginaceae family. Avoid oral comfrey due to liver toxicity and carcinogenic (cancer-causing) pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Comfrey taken by mouth has caused death. Do not apply comfrey to broken skin. Avoid topical comfrey in individuals with or at risk for liver disorders, cancer, or immune disorders. Use topical creams containing comfrey cautiously if taking anti-inflammatory medications or cytochrome P450 3A4-inducing agents. Use extreme caution when using topical creams containing comfrey for extended periods. Read more
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