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The term AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) refers to the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Individuals who have AIDS have less than 200 CD4 T–cells per microliter of blood, making them extremely vulnerable to opportunistic infections that may be fatal. These infections occur in individuals who have weakened immune systems. Some infections, including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, PCP), are considered AIDS–defining illnesses. This means that once a patient develops the infection, their condition has progressed to AIDS.
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