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- HIV–associated nephropathy (HIVAN) may lead to end–stage renal (kidney) disease (ESRD), also called kidney failure. This occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to perform functions necessary for daily living. The kidneys can no longer remove toxins and waste products from the blood, regulate acid concentration, or maintain water and electrolyte balance in the body. ESRD is fatal, unless treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation.
- Common symptoms of ESRD include unintentional weight loss, nausea or vomiting, general feeing of discomfort, fatigue, decreased urination, generalized itching, easy bruising or bleeding, blood in vomit or stools, muscle twitching or seizures, darkening of the skin tone, brittle nails, headache, frequent hiccups, and decreased feelings in the hands, feet, or other areas.
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