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- HIV may infect cells inside the kidneys and cause organ damage. When the kidneys are damaged, they do not function as well, and symptoms of HIV–associated nephropathy (HIVAN) develop.
- Antiretrovirals (anti–HIV drugs) may cause kidney damage in HIV patients. Certain classes of antiretrovirals, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors like tenofovir (Viread ®) and a protease inhibitor called indinavir (Crixivan ®), have been shown to cause kidney damage in HIV patients. Patients taking these drugs should undergo blood and urine tests each year to evaluate kidney function.
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