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Kidney or electrolyte disorders occur when the kidneys do not function normally.
The kidneys, a pair of organs located on the left and right side of the abdomen, are an essential component of the urinary tract. The kidneys are responsible for removing toxins, chemicals, and waste products from the blood. These organs also regulate acid concentration and maintain water and electrolyte balance in the body by excreting urine.
Nephropathy is a term that is used to describe kidney damage. Many diseases and disorders may lead to nephropathy or even kidney failure.
Fanconi syndrome: Fanconi syndrome occurs when the tubes in the kidneys do not work properly. Normally, the kidneys filter out waste products in the blood and regulate the amount of salt and other electrolytes in the body. They also reabsorb important molecules, including glucose, amino acids, small proteins, water, calcium, potassium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
Fanconi syndrome: Symptoms of Fanconi syndrome typically include increased urination (diuresis), excessive thirst, dehydration, constipation, anorexia nervosa, and vomiting. Patients usually have high levels of sugar, phosphate (hypophosphatemia), calcium, uric acid, amino acids, and protein in the urine. High levels of chloride and low levels of phosphate and calcium in the blood are also common.
Bone disease: Fanconi syndrome may lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Both of these conditions cause the bones to become softer and less dense than normal. Rickets may lead to bone deformities, stunted growth, and difficulty walking in children. Osteomalacia (rickets in adults) may cause severe bone pain and spontaneous bone fractures.
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